NEW REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGY OF CONTROLLED AND NONE-CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION OF HEAVY HYDROGEN
By d-r Kiril Chukanov
Salt Lake City, 2024
Almost three years passed since I suffered a stroke which made me physical and spiritual invalid. Two months ago, I published in my site www.chukanovenergy.bg last article on my GENERAL QUANTUIM THEORY OF THE WORLD and now I’m publishing last article (I guess) on my discovery QUANTUM FREE ENERGY. I apology to potential readers for some errors in the text, I mean not good English and not good style.
Some excerpts from the Internet:
By the end of the century, energy demand will have tripled under the combined pressure of population growth, increased urbanization, and expanding access to electricity in developing countries. The fossil fuels that shaped 19th—and 20th-century civilization can only be relied on at the cost of greenhouse gases and pollution.
A new large-scale, sustainable, and carbon-free form of energy is urgently needed.
The following advantages make fusion worth pursuing:
Unlike fission of heavy atomic nuclei, controlled nuclear fusion doesn’t produce such long-lived radioactive waste, but it’s technically much harder to achieve in the first place. In nuclear fusion, light atoms fuse together to create heavier ones. In the sun, that typically occurs when a proton, the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, combines with other protons to form helium. The process of controlled thermonuclear fusion requires exquisite control. The furiously hot plasma won’t stay still: it tends to develop large temperature gradients, which generate strong convection currents that make the plasma turbulent and hard to manage. Such instabilities, akin to miniature solar flares, can bring the plasma into contact with the walls, damaging them.
K.Chukanov. In fact, instability which make plasma turbulent is due to the effect of quantum boundary R kp . See figure 1.
In fusion, two light nuclei merge to form a single heavier nucleus. The process releases energy because the total mass of the resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of the two original nuclei. The leftover mass becomes energy.
Getting atoms to fuse requires a combination of high pressure and temperature to squeeze the atoms tightly together. Intense gravity does much of the work in the sun. In Earth conditions (as scientists think now) such huge pressure existing in the core of sun is out of technical possibilities of our civilization. Density of working fusion plasma in ITER (under pressure created by super magnets) is approx. 10^13 /cm^3. So, average distance between two neighbor nuclei is approx. 10^-4 cm. Such a low density (by contrast with plasma in the core of sun) requires much higher temperature of working plasma than in the sun where temperature is 15 million oC. Working plasma in ITER reactor must be heated to at least 150 million oC.
K.Chukanov. Nuclear energy is not the main source of energy in our sun. Quantum boundary Rkp is the main source energy of our sun and other shining objects in the universe: stars, galaxy nuclei, quasars, See: chukanovenergy.bg/articles, “The Two Great Deceptions in Contemporary Official Science”, “Paradigm Changing Project Quantum Generator “Hellius – Arteks”. See also Figure 1.
Known materials cannot withstand such extreme conditions; they would melt even extremely heat-resistant metals such as tungsten in an instant. The answer long favored for reactor design is magnetic confinement: holding the electrically charged plasma in a “magnetic bottle” formed by strong magnetic fields so it never touches the walls of the fusion chamber. However, the most powerful electro-magnets created so far in the world (in ITER, which need enormous amount of electrical power) are long way to create such a pressure which creates gravity in the core of sun, and pressure created by ball lightning nucleus. The most popular design, called a tokamak and proposed in the 1950s by Soviet scientists, uses a toroidal (or doughnut-shaped) container.
ITER is a major international project to build a tokamak fusion device designed to prove the feasibility of fusion as a large-scale and carbon-free source of energy. The goal of ITER is to operate at 500 MW (for at least 400 seconds continuously) with 50 MW of plasma heating power input.
What is ITER
ITER, which in Latin means ‘the way,’ will be the world’s biggest experiment on the path to fusion energy. It will be the first fusion device to generate more heat than used to start the fusion reaction, relying on an impressive range of technologies which are essential to deliver fusion power in future. ITER is the world’s biggest experiment on the path to fusion energy.
Europe is the host of the project, which is currently under construction in Cadarache, south of France. ITER is a global scientific partnership of unprecedented scale bringing together half of the world’s population: China, Europe, Japan, India, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, the United State, others.
ITER will be the largest Tokamak device to test magnetic confinement to produce fusion energy. It will count millions of components, operated by cutting-edge systems, to measure its performance, and draw lessons for a future commercial fusion power plant.
How will the ITER machine work?
Once the fusion fuel is in machine, powerful heating systems will raise the temperature to 150 million °C to generate a super-hot plasma, which will be housed inside a doughnut-shaped chamber. To avoid any contact between the hot plasma and the walls of the chamber, gigantic magnets will be cooled down to -269 °C to become superconductive to create a massive magnetic cage around it. Beneath the surface of the components exposed to the high temperatures, pipes with cooling water will be installed to capture the heat which eventually will be diffused through cooling towers.
One of the biggest obstacles to magnetic-confinement fusion is the need for materials that can withstand the tough treatment they’ll receive from the fusing plasma. Deuterium-tritium fusion makes an intense flux of high-energy neutrons (they are electrically neutral so, not influenced by magnetic field), which collide with the nuclei of atoms in the metal walls and cladding, causing tiny spots of melting. The metal then recrystallizes but is weakened, with atoms shifted from their initial positions.
Thousands of engineers and scientists have contributed to the design of ITER since the idea for an international joint experiment in fusion was first launched in 1985. The ITER Members are now engaged in a decades-long collaboration to build and operate the ITER experimental device, and together bring fusion to the point where a demonstration fusion reactor can be designed.
ITER is designed to yield in its plasma a ten-fold return on power (Q=10), or 500 MW of fusion power from 50 MW of input heating power. ITER will not convert the heating power it produces as electricity, but—as the first fusion experiments in history to produce net energy gain across the plasma—it will prepare the way for the machines that can.
To obtain the heat, the ITER Tokamak device uses very powerful magnetic fields to confine and control the plasma.
The heart of the Tokamak is a donut-shaped vacuum vessel chamber. Inside the chamber, the hydrogen is subjected to enormous pressures and temperatures. Due to these conditions, the hydrogen fuel is converted into a plasma to allow the fusion reactions of its atoms.
Schedule of the project:
- Start of the project – 2006
- First assembly phase in 2018
- Start-up phase in 2024
- Obtain the first plasma in December 2025.
- Start of the nuclear fusion operation in 2035.
The temperature at our Sun’s surface is 6,000°C, and at its core—15 million °C. Temperature combines with density in our Sun’s core to create the conditions necessary for the fusion reaction to occur. The gravitational forces of our star cannot be recreated here on Earth, and much higher temperatures are necessary in the laboratory to compensate. In the ITER Tokamak, temperatures will reach 150 million °C—or ten times the temperature at the core of our Sun. In hydrogen bomb explosion of atomic bomb creates for short time (milliseconds, or so?) necessary conditions for chain thermonuclear reaction (explosion) of mix of heavy hydrogen (De +Tr).
The ITER Tokamak will be the largest ever built, with a plasma volume of 830 cubic meters. The maximum plasma volume in tokamaks operating today is 100 cubic meters.
ITER, a €20 billion nuclear fusion reactor under construction in France, will now not switch on until 2035 – a delay of 10 years. With smaller commercial fusion efforts on the rise, is it worth continuing with this gargantuan project?
In the ITER’s case, electro- magnets are giant D-shaped rings, 46 feet high, 30 feet wide, and 3 feet thick. It weighs in at roughly 120 tons, which Engineering and Technology Magazine notes is roughly the weight of a 747, though it’s worth noting that would be a completely empty 747, and the plane would still have 10 or 20 tons on this ring.
The ITER project formally began in 2006, when its international partners agreed to fund an estimated €5 billion (then $6.3 billion), 10-year plan that would have seen ITER come online in 2016. The most recent official cost estimate stands at more than €20 billion ($22 billion), with ITER nominally turning on scarcely two years from now.
Once the fusion fuel is in machine, powerful heating systems will raise the temperature to 150 million °C to generate a super-hot plasma, which will be housed inside a doughnut-shaped chamber. To avoid any contact between the hot gas and the walls of the chamber, gigantic magnets will be cooled down to -269 °C to become superconductive to create a massive magnetic cage around it. Beneath the surface of the components exposed to the high temperatures, pipes with cooling water will be installed to capture the heat which eventually will be diffused through cooling towers.
Plasma heating begins inside the machine with the magnetic fields that are used to control the plasma. Because the plasma is an electrical conductor, the magnetic fields use to initiate the plasma induce a high-intensity electrical current. ITER’s thermonuclear fusion reactor will use over 300 MW of electrical power to cause the plasma to absorb 50 MW of thermal power, creating 500 MW of heat from fusion for periods of 400 to 600 seconds.
Another method of thermonuclear fusion is used in the National Ignition Facility, California. 192 lasers directed at a small capsule filled with deuterium and tritium, heavy types of hydrogen, provided a blast of energy that did the trick instead. While there are different ways to try to produce nuclear fusion, scientists at the California lab used 192 lasers focused on the inner wall of a cylinder that contained a small capsule (about the size of a BB) of fusion fuel: deuterium and tritium.
That generated X-rays from the wall that struck the capsule, squeezing the fuel. It stayed hot, dense and round enough for long enough that it ignited, producing more energy than the lasers used.
About 4 percent of that fuel was fused in the process. But this latest fusion burst still didn’t produce enough energy to run the laser power supplies and other systems of the NIF experiment. It took about 300 million joules of energy from the electrical grid to get a hundredth of the energy back in fusion.
In ITER Tokamak is used mix of deuterium and tritium because in their nuclear reaction are produced one helium nucleus and one neutron. The helium nucleus is electrically charged, hence it stays in the plasma and maintains its high temperature, while the neutron which is neutral (and not affected by magnetic field) hits the wall of vacuum chamber transferring its kinetic energy to cooling system of reactor.
Кирил Чуканов. As you can see below, in “Chukanov Fusion Generator” mix of De and Tr hydrogen is not needed because of tremendous pressure in deuterium plasma created by ball lightning nucleus. My numerous experiments proved that ball lightning nucleus destroys the space on the place of its appearance. In the liquid media of “Chukanov Fusion Generator” ball lightning nucleus squeezes the liquid heavy water (De2O) to the walls of pressure chamber, such a way creating enormous pressure in it. The heavy water is converted into new state of matter – Super Dense Quantum Plasma (S.D.Q.P.). Density of this S.D.Q.P. is enormous, distance between two neighbor nuclei is about 10^-9 cm or less, temperature of plasma raises to millions of degrees due to the quantum effect of Rkp. See figure 1. This state of matter exists during the existing of ball lightning nucleus – few microseconds. Enough time for good fusion. New formed helium nucleus transfers directly its kinetic energy to the walls of pressure chamber of generator. Deuterium plasma is heated to enormous temperature due to quantum effect of Rkp (violation of the Law of Energy Conservation). No need of very expensive heating by electrical current and other ways of heating. Nuclei of Helium (50%) or tritium (50%) are produced. They transfer nuclear energy to the walls of pressure chamber of reactor. As result of many cycles of fusion some amount of tritium is accumulated in the working heavy water. Hence, thermonuclear fusion changes its flavor – it becomes more energy efficient: De – Tr.
Nuclear energy of heavy hydrogen is millions of times bigger than chemical energy.
On another hand, deuterium is contained in Earth’s oceans and its production is relatively simple and inexpensive. Deuterium has a natural abundance in Earth’s oceans of about one atom of deuterium in every 6,420 atoms of hydrogen. Thus, deuterium accounts for about 0.0156% by number (0.0312% by mass) of all hydrogen in the ocean: 4.85×1013 tones of deuterium. Tritium is radioactive, it is not naturally existing in Earth, very expensive to produce it in nuclear reactions. In fact, deuterium represents inexhaustible source of nuclear energy.
Mechanism (technology) of thermonuclear fusion of heavy hydrogen in existing (conventional) reactors in the world is VERY DIFFERENT AND VERY INEFFICIENT, compared with “Chukanov Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor”.
Below are shown schemes (drown by hand) of my technology: very energy efficient, simple, inexpensive equipment, save in exploitation, thermonuclear fusion. First working prototype of my thermonuclear reactor was built in my home private lab located in Sofia-district Boyana, Bulgaria, in 2019. Later, in 2022, we moved this generator to another location – in the world-famous Valley of Roses (town Kazanluk). Any power “Chukanov Thermonuclear Fusion Generator” could be built. The cost of my existing thermonuclear fusion generator is about 50,000 euro (without my, and my specialists labor). It can generate at least 50 MW power.
Note: Below the text is in Bulgarian and English.
Boyana-Sofia- Bulgaria, 2019
Video here: The power of kinetic Ball Lightning Sofia, Boiana 30 12 2019
For some critical value of input power (stored in capacitors) thermonuclear reaction of fusion could become catastrophic: chain reaction – explosion = hydrogen bomb!
To determine the zone of save controlled thermonuclear fusion (no explosion) we need to perform some cautious experiments. Working media must be mix of salty seawater and heavy (deuterium) water. First stage must be mix of 5% heavy water and 95% seawater. If we measure some fusion (extra energy + helium, or tritium), we continue with mix of 10% heavy water and 90% seawater. And so on, until an explosion happens. High pressure chamber must be located at safe distance from the pulse generator with battery capacitors. There must be remote control of the process of thermonuclear fusion. If we want to create none-controlled thermonuclear fusion reactor (explosion, hydrogen bomb), then this will be another story.
My fusion generator has battery of 8 high voltage high energy storage capacitors. Volume of working pressure chamber is 12 liters. Such is the volume of working water (heavy deuterium water + seawater). Energy from capacitors (one impulse) is negligible – it can heat ordinary water (no fusion) in the pressure chamber with barely 0.5 oC, while the output fusion energy (with heavy water) could be thousands of times bigger. Over unity could be thousands of times, or more! Wow!!! In ITER generator they want to reach over unity 10. Poor ITER! We have 15 more capacitors in stock. If we add these extra capacitors to the existing battery, we’ll have battery of 23 high voltage high energy storage capacitors! Exciting!
I have in my disposal all equipment to generate a lot of thermonuclear fusion energy. See photos below.
That’s me with two containers with De water. Pulse generators in town Kazanluk, 2022-2024
Note: All photos and video in this article are for experiments made with only seawater.
Technology of thermonuclear fusion using artificial ball lightning as very efficient and inexpensive compressive and heating factor will solve energy problems of our civilization without damage of the climate of our planet. This new revolutionary technology is reveled to me by the SUPER MIND OF UNIVERSE – GOD – for the survival of Humankind and Life on our planet in times of Great Tribulations.
GOD: DO NOT USE THIS TECHNOLOGY FOR CREATION OF TERRIBLE WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION!
Край
05 November 2024, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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