{"id":4781,"date":"2025-10-28T18:05:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T16:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/?p=4781"},"modified":"2025-11-04T16:21:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:21:04","slug":"world-constants-in-general-quantum-mechanics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/bg\/world-constants-in-general-quantum-mechanics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 (GQM) \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f (PMU), \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f (EMU). \u0422\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a h, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 c, \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434 e \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 G. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, GQM \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u2014 PMU (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438, \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438, \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u043d.) \u0438 EMU (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c) \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u201e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u201c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430. GQM \u0432\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0432 GQM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0432 CGS \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e) \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u041f\u0430\u0439\u044a\u043d\u0438\u044a\u0440\u201c \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 Ae<\/span> \u0438 Ap<\/span>, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/th>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/th>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/th>\u0420\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
A0,p<\/span><\/td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 PMU, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 h. \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 2D \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 PMU.<\/td>8.746\u00d710-8<\/span>cm\/s\u00b2<\/td>\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438 \u201e\u041f\u0430\u0439\u044a\u043d\u0438\u044a\u0440\u201c (\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e). \u0417\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\/\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e a0,p<\/span>=c\u00b2\/Run,p<\/sub>. \u041e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442; \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430.<\/td><\/tr>
A0,e<\/span><\/td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 EMU, \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 3D \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c (X \u22a5 Y \u22a5 Z).<\/td>0.487\u00d710-9<\/span>cm\/s\u00b2<\/td>\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440. \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041c\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u044a\u0442). \u041e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a (LMC) \u043f\u0440\u0438 V\u2248200km\/s. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/td><\/tr>
Ae,p<\/span><\/td>\u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d.<\/td>2.27\u00d71039<\/span>(\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e)<\/td>\u0424\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u0418\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 Vmin,p<\/span>=c\/\u221aAe,p<\/span>. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e- \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435: Run,p<\/span>=Ae,p<\/span>Rp<\/span>.<\/td><\/tr>
Ae<\/span><\/td>\u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/td>4.17\u00d71042<\/span>(\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e)<\/td>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e Ae<\/span>=e2<\/span>\/(Gme<\/span>2<\/span>). \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 Ae,p<\/span>=\u221aAe<\/span>Ap<\/span>. \u041e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/td><\/tr>
Ap<\/span><\/td>\u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/td>1.24\u00d71036<\/span>(\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e)<\/td>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e Ap<\/span>=e2<\/span>\/(GMp<\/span>3<\/span>). \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 PMU, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/td><\/tr>
Vmin,p<\/span><\/td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 PMU.<\/td>=0.63\u00d710-9<\/span>cm\/s (\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 c\/\u221a<\/span>(Ae<\/span>,p<\/span>)<\/td>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438. \u0421\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438.<\/td><\/tr>
Run,p<\/span><\/td>\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f (2D \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435).<\/td>0.654\u00d71028<\/span>cm<\/td>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u201c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u043d.). \u0418\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 a0,p<\/span>. \u0421\u044a\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 rg<\/span> \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442: Run,p<\/span>=2\u03c0rg,p<\/span>.<\/td><\/tr>
Run,e<\/span><\/td>\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f (3D \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435).<\/td>1.84\u00d71030<\/span>cm<\/td>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438.<\/td><\/tr>
rg<\/span><\/td>\u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430) \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438.<\/td>\u0417\u0430 PMU: 0.416\u00d71028<\/span>cm (\u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e: rg<\/span>=2GM\/c2<\/span>)<\/td>\u041d\u0430\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430; \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 PMU \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u03c0rg<\/span>. \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435.<\/td><\/tr>
E0,p<\/span><\/td>\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 h \u0438 c \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a.<\/td>h\/c(erg s \/ cm\/s)<\/td>\u0421\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e: E0,p<\/span>=h\/c\u2192ae,p<\/span>. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0441 \u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f.<\/td><\/tr>
c<\/td>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438.<\/td>3\u00d71010<\/span>cm\/s<\/td>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 GQM: c = (2\u03c0\u00b2. e\u00b2 \/ h\u209a) \u221a(M\u209a \/ m\u2091), \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e h\u209a=6.62\u00d710-27<\/span>erg s, M\u209a \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430, m\u2091 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430 (E\u209c\u2092\u209c = E\u2096\u1d62\u2099 + Eg<\/span> = 0), \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e E\u2096\u1d62\u2099=E\u2096\u1d62\u2099 = M\u1d64\u2099,\u209ac\u00b2\/2\u22482.52\u00d71076<\/span>erg, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 Ae<\/sub> \u0438 Ap<\/span> \u0443\u0441\u044a\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u043d\u0430 GQM. \u0422\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0423\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 a0,p<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 PMU \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n c<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 0.654<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 8.746<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n<\/math>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n \n \n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n c<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 0.654<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 8.746<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0410\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \u03f5<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n h<\/mi>\n \u21d2<\/mo>\n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n h<\/mi>\n \n \u03f5<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n h<\/mi>\n c<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n h<\/mi>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n c<\/mi>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \u043a<\/mi>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n \u03f5<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n h<\/mi>\n \u21d2<\/mo>\n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n h<\/mi>\n \n \u03f5<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n h<\/mi>\n c<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n h<\/mi>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n c<\/mi>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \u043a<\/mi>\n<\/math>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e k \u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f). \u041e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0423\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 a0,e<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0417\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 EMU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n \n \n \n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n G<\/mi>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mrow>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msubsup>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 9.1<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 2.82<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 13<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 0.487<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 9<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n \n R<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n c<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 2.818<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 13<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n a<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n G<\/mi>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mrow>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msubsup>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 9.1<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 2.82<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 13<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mfrac>\n \n\t\t\n\t\t\n \n \n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t \n \n\n =<\/mo>\n 0.487<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 9<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n \n \n \n R<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n c<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 2.818<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 13<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Re<\/span> \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 Ae,p<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n \n\n \n \n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n G<\/mi>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 4.8<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 9.1<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 1.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 24<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 2.27<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 39<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n\n \n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n G<\/mi>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 4.8<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 9.1<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 1.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 24<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n\t\t <\/mtd>\n\t\t <\/mtr>\n\t\t \n\t\t \n\t\t =<\/mo>\n 2.27<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 39<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 Ae<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n G<\/mi>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msubsup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 4.8<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 9.1<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 4.17<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 42<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n G<\/mi>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msubsup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 4.8<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 9.1<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 4.17<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 42<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Force Ratio Ap<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n \n A<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n G<\/mi>\n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msubsup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 4.8<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 1.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 24<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 1.24<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 36<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n A<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n G<\/mi>\n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msubsup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 4.8<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 1.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 24<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 1.24<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 36<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\/\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0412\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430: Ae,p<\/span>=\u221aAe<\/span>Ap<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 Vmin,p<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0432 PMU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n \n V<\/mi>\n \n min<\/mo>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n c<\/mi>\n \n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/msqrt>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2.27<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 39<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/msqrt>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 0.63<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n -9<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n V<\/mi>\n \n min<\/mo>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n c<\/mi>\n \n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/msqrt>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2.27<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 39<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/msqrt>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 0.63<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n -9<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430 PMU Run,p<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n 2.27<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 39<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 2.87<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 12<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n =<\/mo>\n 0.654<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n \n \n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n A<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n 2.27<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 39<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 2.87<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 12<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n =<\/mo>\n 0.654<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(Rp<\/sub> \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430). \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n \u22c5<\/mo>\n \n \n G<\/mi>\n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mrow>\n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mfrac>\n \u22c5<\/mo>\n c<\/mi>\n \u22c5<\/mo>\n const <\/mtext>\n<\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430 EMU Run,e<\/sub><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \u03c0<\/mi>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \u03c0<\/mi>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 0.654<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n =<\/mo>\n 1.84<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 30<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \u03c0<\/mi>\n \n R<\/mi>\n \n u<\/mi>\n n<\/mi>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \u03c0<\/mi>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 0.654<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n =<\/mo>\n 1.84<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 30<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 rg<\/sub><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \n r<\/mi>\n \n g<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n G<\/mi>\n M<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n c<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mfrac>\n<\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0417\u0430 PMU \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 (Mun,p<\/span>\u22481.93 \u00d7 1055<\/span>g):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \n r<\/mi>\n \n g<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 6.67<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 8<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n 1.93<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 55<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n (<\/mo>\n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 0.416<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 28<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442: Run,p<\/span>=2\u03c0rg<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 E0,p<\/sub><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430 h \u0438 c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n \n \u03f5<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n h<\/mi>\n c<\/mi>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 6.626<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 27<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 2.21<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 37<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n erg<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n <\/mtext>\n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n (<\/mo>\n \n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n )<\/mo>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \u03f5<\/mi>\n \n 0<\/mn>\n ,<\/mo>\n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n =<\/mo>\n \n h<\/mi>\n c<\/mi>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n \n \n =<\/mo>\n \n \n 6.626<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 27<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/mfrac>\n =<\/mo>\n 2.21<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mo>\n 37<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n erg<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n <\/mtext>\n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n (<\/mo>\n \n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mtd>\n <\/mtr>\n <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430: p = E0,p<\/sub> a0,p<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 <\/strong>c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n c<\/mi>\n =<\/mo>\n \n (<\/mo>\n \n \n 2<\/mn>\n \n \u03c0<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n e<\/mi>\n \n 2<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n <\/mrow>\n \n h<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n )<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \n \n M<\/mi>\n \n p<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n \n \u043c<\/mi>\n \n e<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msub>\n <\/mfrac>\n <\/msqrt>\n =<\/mo>\n 3<\/mn>\n \u00d7<\/mo>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n \n 10<\/mn>\n <\/mrow>\n <\/msup>\n \n <\/mtext>\n cm<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n \n \/<\/mo>\n <\/mrow>\n \n s<\/mi>\n <\/mrow>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n