{"id":3621,"date":"2024-12-03T14:49:14","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T12:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/?p=3621"},"modified":"2024-12-04T22:15:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T20:15:51","slug":"what-is-gravity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/bg\/what-is-gravity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a \u0418\u0441\u0430\u043a \u041d\u044e\u0442\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 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\u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\" href=\"\/bg\/quantum-time\/\" target=\"_self\">\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0394t<sub>min<\/sub><\/a> \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0438. \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u201em<sub>1<\/sub>\u201c, \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 V<sub>min<\/sub> 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(\u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435) \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u201e+y\u201c (\u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 1).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"387\" height=\"271\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-1-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3563\" style=\"width:386px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-1-1.webp 387w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-1-1-300x210.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-1-1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u201ex\u201c \u0438 \u201ey\u201c. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e: (m<sub>0<\/sub> \u0438 m<sub>1<\/sub>). \u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 V<sub>min<\/sub> \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 u = c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f (\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442), \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 m<sub>1<\/sub>, \u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:1\">\n        <mtext>(1)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>u<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>d<\/mi>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>1<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>u<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>d<\/mi>\n            <mi>t<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e:<script src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-includes\/js\/dist\/hooks.min.js?ver=dd5603f07f9220ed27f1\" id=\"wp-hooks-js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-includes\/js\/dist\/i18n.min.js?ver=c26c3dc7bed366793375\" id=\"wp-i18n-js\"><\/script>\n<script id=\"wp-i18n-js-after\">\nwp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );\n\/\/# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after\n<\/script>\n<script  async src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/mathjax\/2.7.7\/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML\" id=\"mathjax-js\"><\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:2\">\n        <mtext>(2)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>u<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>1<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <mi>G<\/mi>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u044e\u0442\u043e\u043d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:3\">\n        <mtext>(3)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>g<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>1<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:4\">\n        <mtext>(4)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>q<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>1<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>q<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (3) \u0438 (4) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0438 \u201ex\u201c \u0438 \u201ey\u201c \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. (\u0412\u0438\u0436\u0442\u0435 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 2.)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"511\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-2-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3564\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-2-1.webp 511w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-2-1-292x300.webp 292w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-2-1-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 R<sub>univ<\/sub> = 1 \u00d7 c<sup>2<\/sup>, \u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 R<sub>min<\/sub> = R<sub>el<\/sub> = 1 \u00d7 u<sup>2<\/sup><sub>min<\/sub> (u<sub>min<\/sub> = V<sub>min<\/sub>, \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442). \u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:5\">\n        <mtext>(5)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>univ <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>C<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <msubsup>\n            <mi>u<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OP\" movablelimits=\"true\">min<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msubsup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\"><strong>A<sub>e<\/sub><\/strong> \u2013 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443. \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0435 <strong>A<sub>e<\/sub><\/strong>-\u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 (5) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 <strong>R<sub>univ<\/sub><\/strong> (\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430); \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 (\u0441 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 <strong>m<sub>1<\/sub><\/strong>) \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 <strong>R<sub>el<\/sub><\/strong> (\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442). \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u0422\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f; \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0394t \u0438 \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u043a, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044a\u0442, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044a\u0442 (\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435), \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0449\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"588\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-3-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3565\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-3-1.webp 588w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-3-1-300x229.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig-3-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 3 \u0438\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u044a\u0433 (R<sub>univ<\/sub>), \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433. \u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 R \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n    <mfrac linethickness=\"1.5px\" style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\">\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\" style=\"padding-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 15px;\"> <!-- Numerator -->\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <mo>.<\/mo>\n            <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n            <mi>a<\/mi>\n            <mi>g<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\" style=\"padding-top: 3px; margin-left: 15px;\"> <!-- Denominator -->\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <mi>r<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/mfrac>\n    <mo>=<\/mo>\n    <mfrac linethickness=\"1.5px\" style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\">\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\" style=\"padding-bottom: 5px; margin-bottom:5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top:-40px;\"> <!-- Numerator -->\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n        <mfrac linethickness=\"1.5px\" style=\"margin: 10px 10px 10px 10px !important; padding-bottom:10px;\">\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mrow style=\"padding-top: 3px; margin-left: 15px;\"> <!-- Denominator -->\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"> <!-- Adjusted vertical alignment -->\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n          <mfrac linethickness=\"1.5px\" style=\"margin: 5px 10px;\">\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n                <mi>l<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>R<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mfrac>\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <mi>G<\/mi>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/mfrac>\n    <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n<mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"20pt\">\n<mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:6\">\n        <mtext>(6)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd> \n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>e<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n    <mrow>\n      <msubsup>\n        <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <mi>l<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msubsup>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <mi>G<\/mi>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <msub>\n    <mi>A<\/mi>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mi>e<\/mi>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msub>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n  <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n  <msup>\n    <mn>10<\/mn>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mn>42<\/mn>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msup>\n\n<\/mlabeledtr>\n<\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n    <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n     <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:6\">\n        <mtext>(6)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd> \n  <mfrac>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n      <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>F<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <mi>l<\/mi>\n          <mo>.<\/mo>\n          <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n          <mi>a<\/mi>\n          <mi>g<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n      <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n    <\/mrow>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n      <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>F<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi>g<\/mi>\n          <mi>r<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n      <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n      <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n      <mfrac>\n        <msup>\n          <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <msup>\n          <mi>R<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mfrac>\n      <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n    <\/mrow>\n    <mrow>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msubsup>\n            <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msubsup>\n          <mrow>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>R<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n            <mo>\u2223<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <mi>G<\/mi>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>e<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n    <mrow>\n      <msubsup>\n        <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <mi>l<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msubsup>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <mi>G<\/mi>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <msub>\n    <mi>A<\/mi>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mi>e<\/mi>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msub>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n  <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n  <msup>\n    <mn>10<\/mn>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mn>42<\/mn>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msup>\n      <\/mlabeledtr>\n\t   <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u044a\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438 (5) \u0438 (6), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnspacing=\"1em\" rowspacing=\"20pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>F<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n                <mi>l<\/mi>\n                <mo>.<\/mo>\n                <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n                <mi>a<\/mi>\n                <mi>g<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>F<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>g<\/mi>\n                <mi>r<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>C<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <msubsup>\n            <mi>u<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mi>i<\/mi>\n              <mi>n<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msubsup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:7\">\n        <mtext>(7)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>u<\/mi>\n              <mi>n<\/mi>\n              <mi>i<\/mi>\n              <mi>v<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>42<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:7\">\n        <mtext>(7)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>F<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mtext>el.mag <\/mtext>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">|<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>F<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>g<\/mi>\n                <mi>r<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">|<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>C<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <msubsup>\n            <mi>u<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>min <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msubsup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>univ <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>42<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0412\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0438 (V = V<sub>min<\/sub>), \u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:8\">\n        <mtext>(8)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd>\n <msqrt>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>G<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mi data-mjx-alternate=\"1\">\u2032<\/mi>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n  <\/msqrt>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <msub>\n      <mi>V<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OP\" movablelimits=\"true\">min<\/mo>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msub>\n    <mi>c<\/mi>\n  <\/mfrac>\n   <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 1. \u0414\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 (G = G\u2019) \u0438, \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430, e = 4.8 \u00d7 10<sup>-10<\/sup> CGS (\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434), \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u201ex\u201c (\u0432\u0438\u0436 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 (\u0444\u0438\u0433. 4). \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u044a\u043a \u0435 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 1 \u0438\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0445\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438; \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"771\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2-1024x771.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3566\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2-1024x771.webp 1024w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2-300x226.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2-768x578.webp 768w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2-600x452.webp 600w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig4-2.webp 1161w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0424\u0438\u0433. 4<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c. \u0422\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 (\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0442\u0435 \u0424\u0438\u0433. 4). \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438, \u0447\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 1 \u0438\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"639\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/table1-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3567\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/table1-1.webp 768w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/table1-1-300x250.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/table1-1-14x12.webp 14w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/table1-1-600x499.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0417\u0410\u0411\u0415\u041b\u0415\u0416\u041a\u0410<\/span>: \u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u03b1, \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 E \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u0434\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u03b1, \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 E \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f: E = m x c<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"765\" height=\"880\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig5-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3568\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig5-1.webp 765w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig5-1-261x300.webp 261w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig5-1-10x12.webp 10w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig5-1-600x690.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 R<sub>d<\/sub>. \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e (\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c) \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 R<sub>k,p<\/sub> \u0438 R<sub>d<\/sub>, \u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 R \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e R<sub>k,p<\/sub> &lt; R &lt; R<sub>d<\/sub> (\u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 5). \u0422\u0443\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0442\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435. (\u0412\u0438\u0436 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 6). \u041f\u0440\u0438 R<sub>k,p<\/sub> = R<sub>d<\/sub> \u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u0412\u0434\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig6-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3569\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig6-1.webp 802w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig6-1-300x143.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig6-1-768x366.webp 768w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig6-1-18x9.webp 18w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig6-1-600x286.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e \u0434\u043e R<sub>k,p<\/sub>, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0430. \u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442). \u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0447 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 (\u0432\u0438\u0436 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"772\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig7-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3570\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig7-1.webp 772w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig7-1-300x220.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig7-1-768x564.webp 768w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig7-1-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig7-1-600x441.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433.7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043a \u0445\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 80 eV (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442). \u0417\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 13,6 eV. \u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442 263 KeV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 4,02 MeV; \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u201e7\u201c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0435 110-\u0438\u044f\u0442, \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e \u201e7\u201c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 (\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438) \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e) \u0435 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043b\u044a\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e: 50 KeV + 8 MeV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u03b1<sub>p<\/sub> \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430) \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 (\u043d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0435\u0441\u044a\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u044a\u0440\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0442\u044f\u0445. \u0422\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 R<sub>c,n<\/sub>, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435. (\u0412\u0438\u0436 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 8).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"388\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig8-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3571\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig8-1.webp 388w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig8-1-300x195.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig8-1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f (R &gt; R<sub>c,n<\/sub>), \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e; \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 R &gt; R<sub>c,n<\/sub> \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 F<sub>gr<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"364\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig9-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3572\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig9-1.webp 364w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig9-1-300x213.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig9-1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0443\u043c. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f: R<sub>y<\/sub> (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e R) \u0438 R<sub>x<\/sub> \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u201ey\u201c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u201ex\u201c. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u201ey\u201c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d I \u0438 II:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:9\">\n        <mtext>(9)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi>\u03c6<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mi>R<\/mi>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e M = \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434 (\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430). \u041e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"801\" height=\"616\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig10-2.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3603\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig10-2.webp 801w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig10-2-300x231.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig10-2-768x591.webp 768w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig10-2-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig10-2-600x461.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 10<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434. \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d I \u0438 II, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u044a\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u03b1<sub>P<\/sub> \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. (\u0412\u0438\u0436 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 11).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"363\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig11-2.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3612\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig11-2.webp 363w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig11-2-300x193.webp 300w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig11-2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 11<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u042f\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u201e\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u201c. \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 (\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430, \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430) \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 - \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0449\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u03b1.<sub>p<\/sub> (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 6, \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 5, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:10\">\n        <mtext>(10)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mtext>tot <\/mtext>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mtext>grav <\/mtext>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>+<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>F<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mtext>antigrav <\/mtext>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <msub>\n    <mi>F<\/mi>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mtext>antigrav <\/mtext>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msub>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <msub>\n    <mi>F<\/mi>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mtext>tot <\/mtext>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msub>\n  <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n  <msub>\n    <mi>F<\/mi>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mtext>grav <\/mtext>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msub>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"responsive-equation elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n  \n  <!-- Equation Part 1 (Row 1) -->\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n    <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"center\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"30pt\"> <!-- Adjusted padding between rows -->\n      <mtr>\n        <mtd><\/mtd>\n        <mtd>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n          <mi>R<\/mi>\n          <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n          <mfrac>\n            <mrow>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mn>1<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n              <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mn>2<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>R<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mfrac>\n          <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <mfrac>\n            <mrow>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mn>1<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n              <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mn>2<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>R<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mfrac>\n          <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <\/mtd>\n      <\/mtr>\n    <\/mtable>\n  <\/math>\n\n  <!-- Add Margin Between Formula Parts -->\n  <div style=\"margin-top:30px;\"><\/div> <!-- Adds space between the rows -->\n\n  <!-- Equation Part 2 (Row 2) -->\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n    <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"center\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"30pt\"> <!-- Adjusted padding between rows -->\n      <mtr>\n        <mtd><\/mtd>\n        <mtd>\n          <mo>=<\/mo>\n          <mfrac>\n            <mrow>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mn>1<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n              <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mn>2<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>R<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mfrac>\n          <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n          <mi>R<\/mi>\n          <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n          <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n        <\/mtd>\n      <\/mtr>\n    <\/mtable>\n  <\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\">\n <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mi>G<\/mi>\n  <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n  <mi>R<\/mi>\n  <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <mrow>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n    <\/mrow>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>R<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n  <mi>G<\/mi>\n  <mfrac>\n    <mrow>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n    <\/mrow>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>R<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <mrow>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n    <\/mrow>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>R<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n  <mi>G<\/mi>\n  <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n  <mi>R<\/mi>\n  <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n  <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n  <mi>G<\/mi>\n  <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnspacing=\"1em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>antigrav <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>grav <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:11\">\n        <mtext>(11)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n        <mn>1<\/mn>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:11\">\n        <mtext>(11)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>antigrav <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mtext>grav <\/mtext>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n            <mi>R<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n        <mn>1<\/mn>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 G \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442 R, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433. \u041f\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 R &lt;&lt; R<sub>grav<\/sub> (\u0432\u0438\u0436 \u0424\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n  \n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:12\">\n        <mtext>(12)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd>\n  <mi>F<\/mi>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mi>G<\/mi>\n  <mfrac>\n    <mrow>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msub>\n    <\/mrow>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>R<\/mi>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mstyle scriptlevel=\"0\">\n    <mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace>\n  <\/mstyle>\n  <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<style>.max-width413{max-width:403px !important;}\n.alignwide {\n    margin-left: 0px !important;\n    margin-right: 0px !important;<\/style>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig12-3.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3636\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig12-3.webp 382w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig12-3-298x300.webp 298w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig12-3-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig12-3-12x12.webp 12w, https:\/\/chukanovenergy.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fig12-3-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0424\u0438\u0433. 12<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e (\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e (k<sub>1,e<\/sub>)<sup>3<\/sup> = (2.33 X 10<sup>2<\/sup>)<sup>3<\/sup> = 1.26 X 10<sup>7<\/sup> \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442 (6) \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:13\">\n        <mtext>(13)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mrow class=\"math-part\">\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mrow class=\"math-part\">\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mrow class=\"math-part\">\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>42<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"responsive-equation elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n  \n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi><\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>42<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F<sub>el<\/sub> \u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043b\u044a\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<br>F<sub>g<\/sub> \u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:14\">\n        <mtext>(14)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi>\u03b2<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>M<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>p<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <mo>,<\/mo>\n        <mn>836<\/mn>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 II \u0438 IV \u043d\u0430 GOM \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnspacing=\"1em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mover>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>A<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n                <mo>,<\/mo>\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>^<\/mo>\n          <\/mover>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:15\">\n        <mtext>(15)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>M<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>2.27<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>39<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnspacing=\"1em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mo>,<\/mo>\n            <mi>p<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mover>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>A<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mi>e<\/mi>\n                  <mo>,<\/mo>\n                  <mi>p<\/mi>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n              <mo>^<\/mo>\n            <\/mover>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mfrac>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mfrac>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mfrac>\n              <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mfrac>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>M<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:16\">\n        <mtext>(16)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mstyle scriptlevel=\"0\">\n          <mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace>\n        <\/mstyle>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1.465<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>39<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n  \n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:15\">\n        <mtext>(15)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mover>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>A<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n                <mo>,<\/mo>\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>^<\/mo>\n          <\/mover>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>M<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>2.27<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>39<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n\t  <\/mlabeledtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:16\">\n        <mtext>(16)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mo>,<\/mo>\n            <mi>p<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mover>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>A<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n                <mo>,<\/mo>\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo accent=\"true\">\u2015<\/mo>\n          <\/mover>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>M<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1.465<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>39<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:17\">\n        <mtext>(17)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mroot>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>A<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mo>,<\/mo>\n              <mi>p<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <mn>12<\/mn>\n        <\/mroot>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <mo>,<\/mo>\n        <mn>836<\/mn>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mi>\u03b2<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>M<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>p<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 (16) \u0438 (17) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:18\">\n        <mtext>(18)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msup>\n          <mi>\u03b2<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>12<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msub>\n              <mi>M<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>p<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msub>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        \n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n\t\n\t<\/mlabeledtr>\n\t\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:19\">\n        <mtext>(19)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msup>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n            <mfrac>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>M<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mi>p<\/mi>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n              <msub>\n                <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mi>e<\/mi>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msub>\n            <\/mfrac>\n            <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>13<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mi>\u03b2<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>13<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 (20) \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:20\">\n        <mtext>(20)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>\u03b2<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>13<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi>\u03b2<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <mo>,<\/mo>\n        <mn>836<\/mn>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>p<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1.67<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>24<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mtext> <\/mtext>\n          <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>,<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>0.911<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>27<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mtext> <\/mtext>\n          <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>,<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi>e<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.8<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <msup>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi data-mjx-auto-op=\"false\">dyn<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>1<\/mn>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>\u22c5<\/mo>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mtext> <\/mtext>\n          <mi data-mjx-auto-op=\"false\">cm<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi data-mjx-auto-op=\"false\">stat<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnspacing=\"1em\" rowspacing=\"20pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi>G<\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n              <mn>4.8<\/mn>\n              <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n              <msup>\n                <mn>10<\/mn>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                  <mn>10<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msup>\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>1.57<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n                <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n                <mn>1.836<\/mn>\n                <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n                <msup>\n                  <mn>10<\/mn>\n                  <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                    <mn>3<\/mn>\n                  <\/mrow>\n                <\/msup>\n                <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>13<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n                <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n                <mn>0.911<\/mn>\n                <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n                <msup>\n                  <mn>10<\/mn>\n                  <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                    <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                    <mn>27<\/mn>\n                  <\/mrow>\n                <\/msup>\n                <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>6.6<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>8<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mi>G<\/mi>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mfrac>\n    <msup>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.8<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n        <mn>2<\/mn>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/msup>\n    <mrow>\n      <mn>1.57<\/mn>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n          <mn>1.836<\/mn>\n          <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n          <msup>\n            <mn>10<\/mn>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>3<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>13<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msup>\n      <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n      <msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n          <mn>0.911<\/mn>\n          <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n          <msup>\n            <mn>10<\/mn>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n              <mn>27<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/msup>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/mfrac>\n  <mo>=<\/mo>\n  <mn>6.6<\/mn>\n  <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n  <msup>\n    <mn>10<\/mn>\n    <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n      <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n      <mn>8<\/mn>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/msup>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:21\">\n        <mtext>(21)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msubsup>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>p<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>I<\/mi>\n            <mn>3<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msubsup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>I<\/mi>\n                <mi>I<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:22\">\n        <mtext>(22)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msubsup>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>x<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msubsup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>x<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n              <mn>4.8<\/mn>\n              <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n              <msup>\n                <mn>10<\/mn>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                  <mn>10<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msup>\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>1.57<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mn>6.67<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mn>10<\/mn>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                <mn>8<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi><\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1.48<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>6<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mtext> <\/mtext>\n          <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"3pt\">\n    \n\t  <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:21\">\n        <mtext>(21)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd>\n\t\n\t<mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msubsup>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>p<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <mn>3<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msubsup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <msup>\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>I<\/mi>\n                <mi>I<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n\t  <\/mlabeledtr>\n\t\n\t <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:22\">\n        <mtext>(22)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n\t   <mtd><\/mtd>\n\t\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>\u03c0<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mo>\/<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msubsup>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>x<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msubsup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n\t  <\/mlabeledtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>M<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>x<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"INNER\">\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"OPEN\">(<\/mo>\n              <mn>4.8<\/mn>\n              <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n              <msup>\n                <mn>10<\/mn>\n                <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                  <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                  <mn>10<\/mn>\n                <\/mrow>\n              <\/msup>\n              <mo data-mjx-texclass=\"CLOSE\">)<\/mo>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>1.57<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <mn>6.67<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mn>10<\/mn>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                <mn>8<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>1.48<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>6<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mtext> <\/mtext>\n          <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n\t\n\t\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n    <mrow>\n      <msub>\n        <mi>M<\/mi>\n        <mi>x<\/mi>\n      <\/msub>\n    <\/mrow>\n  <\/math>\n  \u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0445\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f!<br> \u0421\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n    <mfrac>\n      <mrow>\n        <msup>\n          <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mrow>\n        <msup>\n          <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n          <sub>e<\/sub>\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mrow>\n    <\/mfrac>\n  <\/math>\n  \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n    <msub>\n      <mi>G<\/mi>\n      <mi>g<\/mi>\n    <\/msub>\n  <\/math>\n  dyn. \n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n    <msup>\n      <mi>cm<\/mi>\n      <mn>2<\/mn>\n    <\/msup>\n    <mo>&#8290;<\/mo>\n    <msup>\n      <mi>g<\/mi>\n      <mn>-2<\/mn>\n    <\/msup>\n  <\/math>\n  \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\n  <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n    <msub>\n      <mi>G<\/mi>\n      <mi>el<\/mi>\n    <\/msub>\n  <\/math>\n  \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnspacing=\"1em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mi>l<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <msubsup>\n            <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msubsup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:23\">\n        <mtext>(23)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>2.776<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>35<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mtext> dyn <\/mtext>\n        <mo>\u22c5<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi data-mjx-auto-op=\"false\">cm<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>\u22c5<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mtext> <\/mtext>\n            <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:23\">\n        <mtext>(23)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>G<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mi>l<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <msubsup>\n            <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msubsup>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>2.776<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>35<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n          <mi data-mjx-auto-op=\"false\">dyn<\/mi>\n        <\/mrow>\n        <mo>\u22c5<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mtext> <\/mtext>\n            <mi data-mjx-auto-op=\"false\">cm<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>\u22c5<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mtext> <\/mtext>\n            <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n            <mn>2<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u0418\u043b\u0438, \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0413\u041e\u041c II, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 A<sub>e<\/sub>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-desktop\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" columnspacing=\"0em\" rowspacing=\"25pt\">\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>2.776<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mn>10<\/mn>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>35<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>6.67<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mn>10<\/mn>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                <mn>8<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mtr>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mi><\/mi>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>42<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mtr>\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:24\">\n        <mtext>(24)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd><\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mstyle scriptlevel=\"0\">\n          <mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace>\n        <\/mstyle>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"elementor-hidden-mobile\" style=\"text-align:center; padding-top:10px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;\">\n<math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\">\n  <mtable displaystyle=\"true\">\n    <mlabeledtr>\n      <mtd id=\"mjx-eqn:24\">\n        <mtext>(24)<\/mtext>\n      <\/mtd>\n      <mtd>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>2.776<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mn>10<\/mn>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>35<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n          <mrow>\n            <mn>6.67<\/mn>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msup>\n              <mn>10<\/mn>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n                <mn>8<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mn>4.17<\/mn>\n        <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n        <msup>\n          <mn>10<\/mn>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mn>42<\/mn>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msup>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mi>A<\/mi>\n          <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <mi>l<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n          <msub>\n            <mi>F<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mi>g<\/mi>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msub>\n        <\/mfrac>\n        <mo>=<\/mo>\n        <mfrac>\n          <msup>\n            <mi>e<\/mi>\n            <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n              <mn>2<\/mn>\n            <\/mrow>\n          <\/msup>\n          <mrow>\n            <mi>G<\/mi>\n            <mo>\u00d7<\/mo>\n            <msubsup>\n              <mi>\u043c<\/mi>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mi>e<\/mi>\n              <\/mrow>\n              <mrow data-mjx-texclass=\"ORD\">\n                <mn>2<\/mn>\n              <\/mrow>\n            <\/msubsup>\n          <\/mrow>\n        <\/mfrac>\n      <\/mtd>\n    <\/mlabeledtr>\n  <\/mtable>\n<\/math>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0449 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0438 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0438, \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0430 <a title=\"Purchase the book series about the quantum mechanics today!\" href=\"\/shop\/\" target=\"_self\">\u041a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/a>, \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u041a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0432, \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435 \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u044f \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 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\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The English physicist Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation, considered one of humankind&#8217;s most remarkable achievements. While its impact on scientific development has been significant, we now appreciate its practical applications, especially in enabling humans to fly in space. But why is this law so simple and elegant? 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